Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the inner lining of the womb
(endometrium) is found outside womb (uterus), like ovaries and fallopian tubes. This condition
affects around 1 in 10 women. You are more likely to develop endometriosis if your mother
or sister has had it. Endometriosis usually affects reproductive age women. It can be a long-
term condition leading to a significant impact on your general physical health, emotional
wellbeing and daily routine.
Symptoms of endometriosis:
Common symptoms include pain during periods, pain during sex . Some women experience
pain all the time but for others it may come and go. Some women experience pain related
to bowel and bladder and some experience long-term fatigue.
Cause of endometriosis:
The exact cause of endometriosis is not known but it is hormone dependent. This means
that, just like the endometrium which responds to hormonal changes resulting in a period,
the endometrial-like tissue located outside the womb also bleeds causing pain, inflammation
and scarring, and can possibly damage your pelvic organs. This condition also leads to
infertility.
Site of endometriosis:
Endometriosis can be seen
- On the ovaries, where it can form cysts (often referred to as endometriomas or ‘chocolate cysts’)
- Peritoneum (the lining of the pelvis and abdomen)
- Fallopian tubes
- Behind or around the womb
- In the area between the vagina and the rectum.
- Occasionally on the bowel and/or bladder. It may sometimes be found in other parts of the body, but this is rare.
How to diagnose endometriosis?
Tests usually include a pelvic ultrasound scan. It may show whether there is an
endometriotic (also known as a ‘chocolate’) cyst in the ovaries . Laparoscopy is the
only way to get a definite diagnosis. MRI scan may be suggested if the condition
appears to be advanced.
Treatment
Pain killer medications, hormonal treatments which may include pills,
injections,implant or an intrauterine system. Surgery (Laparoscopy) will be
recommended depending upon the severity of disease. Surgery can treat and remove
areas of endometriosis. Sometimes treatment may include surgery and hormonal
treatment to avoid recurrence of disease. Treatment is usually individualised
depending upon the fertility status of the patient. Try and reach your health care
professional if you have these problems and she will provide you options for
treatment and also will refer you to a fertility specialist if required.
